Vaping has become increasingly popular as an alternative to traditional smoking, and one crucial component of any vape device is the coil. The coil is responsible for heating the e-liquid and turning it into vapor. Over time, these coils wear out and need to be replaced to maintain optimal performance and flavor. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the world of vape replacement coils, exploring different types, materials, resistance levels, and factors to consider when choosing the right replacement coil for your vaping needs.

Understanding Vape Coils:

Vape coils consist of a coil wire wrapped around a wicking material, usually organic cotton. When power is applied to the coil, the wire heats up, vaporizing the e-liquid absorbed by the wick. There are two main types of vape coils: replaceable coil heads and rebuildable coils.

Replaceable Coil Heads:

Replaceable coil heads are pre-built coils that are easily installed and replaced in vape tanks. They are popular among vapers who prefer convenience and simplicity. These coil heads come in various resistances and are made using different wire materials.

Wire Materials:

The most common wire materials used in vape coils are Kanthal, stainless steel (SS), nickel (Ni200), and titanium (Ti). Kanthal is known for its durability and affordability, while stainless steel offers excellent temperature control capabilities. Nickel and titanium wires are mainly used in temperature control vaping, as they have specific resistance characteristics.

Resistance Levels:

Vape coils are available in different resistance levels, measured in ohms. The resistance of a coil affects the amount of power required to heat it and the overall vaping experience. Lower resistance coils (sub-ohm) provide higher wattage vaping, producing denser vapor and intense flavor. Higher resistance coils (above 1 ohm) require less power and are generally used for mouth-to-lung (MTL) vaping, replicating the sensation of traditional smoking.

Coil Types:

Replaceable coil heads come in various types, each offering a unique vaping experience. The most common coil types include:

Single Coil:

These coils consist of a single wire wrapped around the wicking material. They provide a balance between flavor and vapor production and are suitable for MTL and restricted lung hits.

Dual Coil:

Dual coils contain two wire wraps and offer increased vapor production, resulting in more cloud production. They require higher wattage and are popular among disposables direct lung hitters.

Clapton Coil:

Clapton coils are made by wrapping a thinner wire around a thicker wire. This design increases the surface area, enhancing both flavor and vapor production. Clapton coils are commonly used for sub-ohm vaping.

Mesh Coil:

Mesh coils have a mesh-like structure, which allows for more even heating and improved flavor. They provide quick ramp-up time and are known for their longevity.

Ceramic Coil:

Ceramic coils utilize a ceramic heating element instead of traditional wire. They offer a clean and pure flavor profile, along with excellent coil longevity.

Factors to Consider When Choosing Replacement Coils:

When selecting replacement coils for your vape device, several factors should be considered:

Compatibility: Ensure that the replacement coils are compatible with your specific vape tank or device. Check the manufacturer's recommendations or consult user manuals.

Coil Resistance: Determine your preferred vaping style, whether it's sub-ohm or MTL, and choose the appropriate resistance level accordingly.

Wire Material: Consider the wire material based on your preferences for flavor, vapor production, and temperature control capabilities.

Brand Reputation: Opt for coils from reputable brands known for their quality and performance.

Coil Lifespan: Evaluate the estimated lifespan of the coil and factor in the cost of replacements over time.

Maintaining and Extending Coil Life:

To extend the lifespan of your replacement coils and maintain optimal performance, follow these tips:

Prime Coils: Before using a new coil, prime it by saturating the wicking material with e-liquid and allowing it to soak for a few minutes.

Proper Wattage: Use the recommended wattage range specified by the coil manufacturer to avoid burning the coil.

Cleanliness: Regularly clean your tank and replace the e-liquid to prevent residue buildup, which can affect coil performance.

Avoid Dry Hits: Ensure that your tank is adequately filled with e-liquid to prevent the coil from heating without sufficient juice, causing dry hits and potential coil damage.

Conclusion:

Vape replacement coils are essential components that greatly influence the vaping experience. Understanding the different coil types, wire materials, resistance levels, and factors to consider when selecting replacement coils can help you find the perfect coil to suit your preferences. Remember to maintain and care for your coils properly to maximize their lifespan and ensure consistent flavor and vapor production. Happy vaping!

Companion animals play an essential role in our lives, providing companionship, love, and emotional support. Whether you're considering getting a pet for the first time or looking to expand your furry family, this guide will provide you with valuable insights and information to help you make informed decisions. From choosing the right companion animal to their care, feeding, and general well-being, we'll cover everything you need to know to ensure a happy and healthy life for both you and your new furry friend.

Choosing the Right Companion Animal:

Selecting the right companion animal is a crucial first step. Consider factors such as your lifestyle, living situation, and personal preferences. Dogs are known for their loyalty and playfulness, while cats are more independent and require less attention. Small mammals like rabbits, guinea pigs, or hamsters are suitable for individuals with limited space, and fish can be an excellent choice for those seeking a low-maintenance pet. Research different breeds and species to find the perfect match for your lifestyle.

Preparing Your Home:

Before bringing your new companion animal home, make sure your environment is safe and suitable for them. Remove any toxic plants, secure loose wires, and eliminate potential hazards. Set up an appropriate living space, including bedding, food bowls, litter boxes, and toys, tailored to the specific needs of your pet. Establishing a comfortable and stimulating environment will help them settle in and feel secure.

Feeding and Nutrition:

Proper nutrition is vital for the overall health and well-being of companion animals. Consult with a veterinarian to determine the right diet for your pet based on their age, breed, and any specific health conditions. Provide a balanced diet that includes essential nutrients, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Avoid feeding them harmful foods, such as chocolate or foods with high sugar content, as it can lead to serious health issues.

Exercise and Mental Stimulation:

Regular exercise and mental stimulation are essential for maintaining the physical and mental health of your companion animal. Dogs require daily walks and playtime to burn off excess energy, while cats benefit from interactive toys and scratching posts. Small mammals can enjoy exercise wheels or tunnels, and birds thrive on social interaction and flying time outside their cages. Engage in activities that cater to their natural instincts and preferences.

Veterinary Care and Vaccinations:

Routine veterinary care is crucial to ensure the health and longevity of your companion animal. Schedule regular check-ups with a trusted veterinarian to monitor their well-being, address any health concerns, and keep vaccinations up to date. Preventative measures, such as flea and tick treatments, deworming, and dental care, should also be a part of your pet's healthcare routine. Additionally, consider investing in pet insurance to provide financial protection in case of unexpected medical expenses.

Grooming and Hygiene:

Maintaining proper hygiene is essential for the comfort and well-being of your companion animal. Dogs and cats require regular brushing to prevent matting and to keep their coats clean. Trimming their nails, cleaning their ears, and brushing their teeth are also important aspects of grooming. Small mammals may have specific grooming needs, such as regular nail trims or coat maintenance. Familiarize yourself with the specific grooming requirements of your pet and establish a grooming routine accordingly.

Socialization and Training:

Socialization and training are crucial for companion animals to develop good behavior and adapt to various environments. Start socializing your pet from a young age by introducing them to different people, animals, and situations. Enroll your dog in obedience classes to teach basic commands and establish a strong bond. Use positive reinforcement techniques to encourage desired behavior and address any behavioral issues promptly. Cats and small mammals can also benefit from interactive play and training activities.

Traveling and Boarding:

If you plan to travel with your companion animal or need to board them temporarily, it's essential to make proper arrangements. Research pet-friendly accommodations and airlines that allow pets, ensuring they meet all necessary requirements. If boarding your pet, choose a reputable facility that provides a safe and comfortable environment. Prepare necessary documentation, such as health certificates and vaccination records, and ensure your pet's identification tags are up to date with your contact information.

Bonding and Enrichment:

Building a strong bond with your companion animal is key to a fulfilling and rewarding relationship. Spend quality time together, engage in interactive play, and offer plenty of affection and puppies attention. Understand their body language and communicate effectively to foster trust and understanding. Additionally, provide mental stimulation through puzzle toys, treat-dispensing toys, or environmental enrichment activities to prevent boredom and promote overall well-being.

Aging and End-of-Life Care:

As companion animals age, their needs may change, requiring additional care and attention. Monitor their health closely, and consult with your veterinarian about any age-related concerns or conditions. Provide a comfortable and supportive environment, such as orthopedic bedding for senior pets. Consider adjusting their diet to accommodate changing nutritional requirements. When facing end-of-life decisions, prioritize your pet's well-being and quality of life, seeking guidance from your veterinarian to ensure a compassionate and dignified transition.

Conclusion:

Companion animals bring immense joy and fulfillment to our lives, but they also require dedicated care and responsibility. By choosing the right companion animal, providing proper nutrition, exercise, healthcare, and socialization, you can create a loving and harmonious relationship. Remember, every pet is unique, so adapt your care routine to suit their individual needs. The bond between you and your companion animal will undoubtedly be one of the most rewarding experiences you'll ever have. Cherish and treasure the time you spend together and create a lifetime of memories.

And like all personal choices, we each have our own reasons and rationales for committing to our lifestyle decisions. While some may prefer capsule wardrobes for their simplicity and ease, others might see owning less as a creative challenge. And although one might edit their closet simply to save money, another does so to reduce the harmful environmental and social costs of ownership.

Enter VETTA’s favorite lean closet bloggers, each with their own idiosyncratic philosophies behind their wardrobes. And while it might be intuitive to think minimal wardrobes equate to a single, particular aesthetic, these bloggers' styles range from classic-prep to European tomboy. These women will provide you with capsule wardrobe how-to's, brands to shop, daily outfit inspiration, and most importantly, proof that curating a lean closet is a personal choice worth making.

Caroline Rector of Unfancy
With her "mix and match and repeat" philosophy, Unfancy's Caroline Rector went a full year with only 37 pieces in her closet. While Caroline's structured capsule experiment is over, she still maintains a small closet filled only with intentional purchases and continues to share her clean, classic looks on her site. We love Unfancy because it’s essentially a capsule wardrobe playbook, with piece-by-piece inspiration for any season or special occasion. For those looking to adopt a leaner closet, check out Caroline’s post, "How To DIY a Capsule.”

We asked Caroline why she continues to populate her closet with only the essentials. “I do it because it's calming. It's a way to invite peace into my life, almost like meditation or yoga. It reminds me that I don't have to chase; I can be happy with a lot less. Practicing contentment with something small, like my closet, allows me to get better at it in other areas of my life, too.” For Caroline, keeping a lean wardrobe goes far beyond the clothes themselves. On Unfancy, a capsule wardrobe makes for a calm and clutter-free mind.

Lee Vosburgh of Style Bee
In 2013, Lee Vosburgh began her blog Style Bee (http://www.stylebee.ca), which has evolved into one of the most influential lean closet websites online today. Based in Guelph, Ontario, Lee has gained recognition from fashion influencers like Refinery29 and FLARE for her relaxed-chic style and timeless ensembles. Minimalists credit Lee for the booming popularity of the “10x10 Wardrobe Challenge,” in which participants pick 10 items from their current closet and style those exclusive items for 10 days.

When asked why she keeps a lean closet, Lee tells VETTA, "I keep a lean closet for peace of mind. Having only functional pieces I love to wear makes getting ready a pleasure instead of a dilemma!" Style Bee works to inspire readers to get creative with what they have, reminding us that getting dressed should be both fun and effortless.

Candice Tay
Toronto-based Candice Tay’s eponymous site is one of our go-to blogs for slow-fashion style inspiration, sustainable lifestyle tips and additional resources for building a capsule wardrobe. As she started her own journey to be a more conscious consumer in 2018, she writes that “Beginning this blog has taught me so much about the fashion industry and how detrimental it has been to our earth and to humans in the past decades. I want to be a part of that change”. Her minimal aesthetic shows you that you can create unique looks with a smaller closet. We have found her reviews of slow-fashion brands and categories extremely helpful for making thoughtful, new purchases.

Maria Lee of Gold Zipper
Taking the 10x10 challenge to new heights, Maria Lee wore one simple black dress for one month straight. Although she lives in New York City, Maria's extended capsule wardrobe looks like that of a polished Parisian girl. Her blog, Gold Zipper, aims to be a resource for anyone interested in becoming an owner, rather than a consumer, of clothing. "I believe that we buy more clothing than we could possibly ever need or use,” Maria tells VETTA. “We're so far removed from the lifecycle of a garment from raw textile to landfill that we don't realize the amount of responsibility we assume in clothing ownership.” Maria’s rationale for a capsule wardrobe is two-fold - she’s conscious of the social and environmental impacts of owning an excess of clothing, in addition to keeping a lean closet for stylistic purposes.

Maria also creates stunning, narrative videos in the city, chronicling her outfits and creating deeper, almost philosophical, dialogues around fashion and personal style. “I also keep a lean closet to curate aesthetic unity in my wardrobe,” Maria explains. “I was drawn to this idea because I'm fascinated by personal identity and self-presentation through clothing. When I have a lean wardrobe I know my clothes intimately, and consequently, I feel more comfortable in them."

Andrea Hartman of Seasons + Salt
Passionate about both ethical fashion and capsule wardrobes, Andrea Hartman of Seasons + Salt shares VETTA's mission - and we love it! Encouraging readers to "get off the fast fashion carousel" and think about how and where they get their clothes, Andrea's wardrobe ideology is centered around simplicity and quality pieces. The minimalist-with-a-twist looks on Seasons + Salt will give normcore-lovers new ideas for old pieces.

Andrea also does really helpful product reviews on essential wardrobe staples, like her “Leather Tote Review” where she compares three leather totes from Madewell, FashionABLE, and Cuyana. "For me, a lean closet is a vehicle to define my style, increase simplicity in my life, and buy responsibly-made items," Andrea shares with VETTA.

Deb Shephard of Clothed in Abundance
Deb Shephard encourages her readers to redefine living in abundance by making space and having appreciation for what we have. She covers topics ranging from minimalist fashion, mental health and money, while also providing downloadable worksheets and guides to help you on your journey to capsule wardrobes and minimalist lifestyle. Deb defines minimalism as ‘simplifying your life to live out your core values without societal pressure’ and is a huge advocate for de-cluttering your mind in order to focus on what matters most. We love her daily outfit posts and her 5 x 5 challenges featuring ethical fashion and her thrifted finds.

Allison Karaba of The Thoughtful Closet
With her blog The Thoughtful Closet, Allison Karaba hopes to encourage others to refrain from shopping for the sake of shopping and start doing more with what's already in their closets. “You don't have to keep buying clothes to evolve your style; sometimes it's just looking at what you already have a little differently,” she tells us. Allison's professional meets industrial aesthetic makes for endless cool girl looks for us to steal. The Thoughtful Closet features Allison's "10x10 Challenge" looks, styling tips, and our favorite -- her holiday guides and wish lists full of simple and versatile gifts and pieces.

From the first time she considered a lean wardrobe to the present-day Thoughtful Closet, Allison walks us through the evolution of her closet philosophy. “I first decided to try living with a minimal wardrobe after I looked at my closet, which was overflowing with clothes, and felt like I had nothing to wear. It was made up of tons of mediocre pieces and I honestly had no idea how to describe my style because everything was so random. I decided to cut down and focus on pieces that I truly loved and capsule wardrobe go from there. I also wanted to focus on a lean closet to help me with my shopping habits. I would always go shopping if I had a special event or trip coming up. But now with my lean closet I try to look at what I have and create something that feels new. A phrase that keeps floating around is ‘creativity loves constraint’ and I am a 100% believer in that statement.”

Jasmine Hwang of The Pleb Life
In 2017, Jasmine Hwang and her boyfriend Brandon set out to live a more sustainable and ethical lifestyle. Inspired by reducing her wardrobe by 70% in the first year alone, Jasmine uses The Pleb Life to document her on-going journey of building a capsule wardrobe with honesty and authenticity. She is not afraid to redefine her capsule rules, find new ways to implement low-buy/low-spend initiatives and makes an excellent case for having 5 black jumpsuits in her wardrobe. We love her 30x30 challenges, where she selects 30 items to wear for 30 days (including loungewear and shoes!) all photographed in sunny Southern California.

According to Jasmine, "Decluttering is the act of removing unnecessary clutter from your life; while minimalism is the act of living with enough and whatever 'enough' means to you. Minimalism asks you to challenge all the should’s of success and to find your optimal amount of possessions to be happy." We couldn't agree more.

Jessica Doll of Hej Doll
San Francisco blogger, Jessica Doll synthesizes her passion for travel and a simple capsule wardrobe to create her blog, Hej Doll. Jessica's sleek, utilitarian outfits lend themselves to great inspiration for those who are always traveling or on-the-go. Our favorite posts on the blog are Jessica’s city guides, each one showcasing her jetsetter looks.

Jessica tells VETTA that she keeps a lean closet to maintain a simpler life. “I save time, money, and energy by limiting my clothing to only those items that I love, feel great in, and know work well together.” Jessica is also a professional photographer, making Hej Doll is an endless archive of beautiful style and travel imagery.

Whether for a job change or change of pace, moving long-distance is much simpler in theory than in practice. In theory, choosing a moving company, planning the move, shipping and receiving your items is straightforward. In reality, there are more moving parts and logistics to keep in mind to make sure the move goes smoothly. Keep reading below for 10 great tips to make your long-distance move an easy transition from start to finish.

1. Plan in Advance
There are a lot of moving parts when it comes to moving interstate or across long distances. Usually moving companies consider a “long-distance” move to be over 450 miles between origin and destination. Moves that come in below this but are not within the same city or state are generally considered “mid-distance.”

Regardless of the technicalities, planning for your move is going to make the entire process much easier. Calling utility companies, changing addresses with the DMV as well as the USPS are easily overlooked but all extremely important. Take it from us, after moving your things into a new home you’re going to want a hot shower. That call to turn your hot water on will never have seemed more worthwhile.

Not to mention, planning days to begin packing your items all the way up to the move date. This process includes some (maybe) tough decisions on what to bring, donate/sell or throw away. The more time you give yourself the better! Ideally, everything will get done without losing your sanity rushing to finish last minute. There’s nothing worse than still packing on the day you’re supposed to move with a long drive or flight looming.

2. Picking a Move Date
It’s common to have some flexibility when moving long-distance compared to moving locally. Usually, there are only one or two days you’re able to make a local move. When moving long-distance, you’ll likely have more time to plan and a bigger window to make the pick-up. Moving across the country, for example, is a much more time-consuming process in both planning and travel than moving across town.

If at all possible, avoid peak times for moving companies as space in their trucks will naturally be more expensive. If you can avoid moving during the summertime (May through August) it’s wise to do so. This alone can save you hundreds of dollars on your move.

Sometimes you have no choice but to move during the summertime. We recommend avoiding the very beginning/end of the month as these will be the busiest times of the month during the busiest time of year. Adjusting the moving date while staying in line with when you’d like your things to arrive can be tricky. It’s a balancing act, however, that can make or break your moving budget.

3. Take Inventory
When moving locally, quotes can either be based on an hourly rate or inventory depending on the company. Long-distance moves are almost always exclusively quoted based on the items you’re moving plus the distance traveled.

This is where having an itemized home inventory list can come in handy. Not to mention, making the unpacking process that much easier. Your home inventory lists also act as a master list when moving in. It will make the process of checking that all of your items arrived safe and sound that much easier.

4. Multiple Moving Estimates
During the time this blog is being written, the world is in the clutches of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. When receiving quotes for a long-distance move, many moving companies will suggest scheduling an in-home estimate to take inventory.

During a time when self quarantining has become the “new normal” this simply isn’t possible. Luckily, when moving through Unpakt, we made the process of entering your own inventory simple. You can still receive multiple quotes without having multiple people enter your home or endless video consultations. It’s definitely still important to get multiple quotes. Moving long distance is a balancing act of quality service and staying within budget.

5. Choosing the Right Moving Company
In the point above we alluded to finding a balance between cost-effectiveness and quality when choosing a moving company. Take a look at our previous blog post on choosing a long-distance moving company for a more in-depth look. Making sure the company is properly licensed and insured to move interstate seems basic but can’t be understated. Getting a guaranteed quote rather than an estimate that can change is also hugely important.

6. Moving Insurance
Moving “insurance” commonly referred to as “valuation coverage” in the moving industry can come from two places. Some home insurance policies cover moving costs. However, they may only cover damage to your home during the move but not any damage to your items.

Moving companies are federally required to offer basic valuation coverage at 60 cents per pound. This can be problematic if something like a flat-screen TV is broken during the move. Most companies offer more extensive coverage for an additional cost. If you’re moving any expensive pieces or things that are especially fragile/hold sentimental value, extended valuation coverage is highly recommended. More information on moving insurance can be found here.

7. Measure and Floorplan
Measuring your new space is an often overlooked aspect of the moving process. If you’re moving into a larger home, making sure there is enough floor space for large furniture isn’t as important. When downsizing, however, measuring the wall in the living room could prove an extremely important step when choosing whether or not to pack and move your couch. The same goes for that king-size bed, which may take up too much room in a new apartment.

8. Downsizing and Decluttering
Whether you’re moving into a larger space or downsizing, moving provides a great opportunity to do some spring cleaning. While taking inventory, you might find things that you never use or have simply forgotten about. The real decision here is whether these items are worthy of being sold, donated or are simply destined for the trash.

If you’re downsizing, just because something will fit doesn’t necessarily mean you should pack it as part of the move. Avoid cluttering your living room or bedroom(s) with too much furniture. This is especially important when moving from a house or townhouse to an apartment. You’ll want to maximize your space. Sometimes this means buying sleeker furniture pieces or multi-purpose furniture with storage. Selling/donating furniture items may prove to be a fruitful step in the moving process as well.

9. Packing Tips
We could write an entire blog post on packing tips for a long-distance move. Quality packing materials could be the difference between items making it to your new home undamaged. Most moving companies can provide professional packing as part of your move for an added cost. That generally includes everything from furniture to your kitchenware and clothing.

When packing for a long distance move:

Essentials box:
This should include important documents, medication and anything you will want within the first hour of being in your new home. You furniture removals in richards bay should also consider packing especially expensive jewelry or watches on your own for peace of mind.

Label Everything:
Every single box should be labeled with your name as well as what room the items are from. Employing a color-coding system here may be useful to differentiate based on the room. A labeling system will also make the unpacking process that much easier.

Professional Packing Services:
Most moving companies can offer more extensive packing services than just your furniture and large pieces. Ask the moving companies you’re considering how much full packing services including boxes and materials will add to the quote.

10. Plan for a Delivery Window
For most long-distance moves, your items will arrive within a delivery window rather than on a specific day. Generally, the delivery window won’t be longer than a week. You’ll also be given 48 hours notice before your items arrive at your new home. Some moving companies can offer smaller windows or even narrow the date down to a guaranteed day for an added cost.

Bonus Tip: Consider Moving Your Car
Many moving companies are able to ship your car along with your belongings when moving long-distance. It’s important to ask about the logistics and cost of this service. Be sure to ask whether it will be handled by the moving company itself or contracted through another company.

Imagine laying prone on a shooting mat, your favorite rifle parked before you resting on a bipod. You squint downrange across the rolling green landscape, hills and valleys rising and falling gently in a grass sea. In the distance, you spy the faint glint of something catching the sun’s rays, an oddly geometric shape standing out against the lush nature surrounding it.

That’s your target, the polygonal slab of steel you need to hit with your shot. The problem is you can barely see it, as it looks like a postage stamp stuck out in an ocean of land. However, you saddle up to your rifle, and peer through the scope affixed to the top. The tiny speck of target comes into view larger, a set of crosshairs imposed over the center of the plate. You regulate your breathing, gently slide your finger into the trigger guard, and smoothly apply rearward pressure. The rifle fires, and off in the distance, you hear a faint but welcome “pang” as your bullet impacts the plate.

While your mechanics, training and execution are all to thank for a well-placed long-distance shot, that riflescope undoubtedly helped you find and acquire the target you just hit.

Riflescopes, simply put, are devices that contain a series of lenses used for magnification and some type of reticle, an aiming instrument that indicates where your bullet should impact. Think of that telescope you used to check out Venus when you were a kid, and superimpose crosshairs on it.

Scopes come in all sorts of configurations, styles, construction, sizes and price points. Sport shooters can (and do) argue endlessly about which scope maker or magnification or reticle is best for the job, but we’ll spare you the opinions, instead looking at the basics of how riflescopes actually work.

The most important components of a riflescope are its lenses -- the objective, erector, magnifying and ocular lenses. The objective lens is positioned forward in the tube away from the user. This lens transmits light to the erector lens, which then flips the image and sends it to the magnifying lens, which as the name implies, magnifies the image. From there, light travels to the ocular lens, which is nearest the user’s eye. The objective bell houses the objective lens, the erector and magnifying lenses live within the scope tube, and the ocular lens is contained within the eyepiece.

Evoking that old telescope you swore you saw UFOs with from your bedroom window, riflescopes work quite similarly. Light passes through the objective lens and focuses down into a point within the scope – the aptly named focal point. From here, the image is then inverted and captured by the erector lens or "picture reversal assembly." This system flips the image to the proper orientation, and sends light to the magnifying lens. The magnifying lens moves towards the objective lens while increasing the magnification, and rearward toward the ocular lens when lowering it. The ocular lens focuses the light gathered by the other end of the rifle scope, presenting the image you see when you look into the eyepiece.

A scope’s “eye relief” is the distance between the shooter’s eye and the eyepiece where the shooter can clearly see the entire field of view. In a shorter eye relief, the scope will be further toward the stock of the gun and closer to the user’s face. Conversely, long eye relief scopes, such as those employed on scout rifles, allow substantial room between the eyepiece and the eye, and can be mounted further forward on the firearm.

A majority of riflescope lenses are water and fog-proof, critical when considering the myriad conditions shooters will need to see clearly in. In order to waterproof an optical device, the manufacturer seals any gaps between the lenses and the housing.

When purchasing a riflescope, be sure you understand how to mount it to your firearm and what size scope rings it needs. Many modern rifles come complete with scope bases, like and integral dovetail or bolt-on 1913 Picatinny rail mount, which scope rings will attach to. Scope rings can come as two separate pieces, or as a one-piece cantilever unit. In the U.S., riflescope tubes are built in either 1-inch or 30-millimeter models, and the scope rings must be sized correctly for the diameter of your scope tube.

Additionally, based on a number of factors – height of your cheek weld on the stock, eye relief, size of objective lens diameter, action type, bolt life, etc. – you’ll need to use scope rings that of the right height. Lower rings seat the scope closer against the rifle and require a lower position to achieve proper sight picture, while higher rings lift the scope off the rifle, allowing clearance for bolt-action handles to clear or larger diameter objective lenses to fit on rifles.

At the risk of oversimplification, this was meant as an introductory primer into how riflescopes are built, how they work, and the peripheral equipment that is needed to properly employ them, whatever your application. Riflescopes come in at all price display mount points, with models ranging from less than $100 to five figures worth of precision optics.

All too often, new gun owners want to invest in a top-dollar rifle but fail to equip it with comparable glass. However, regardless of how good your rifle and its riflescope is, the most important factor in becoming a better shooter is training to master the fundamentals and build your skills. The best optic in the world won’t cure bad shooting fundamentals.

New to rifle shooting and need help mastering the basics? Find and attend an NRA Basic Rifle Shooting Course near you! You’ll learn NRA’s rules for safe gun handling, rifle parts and operation, ammunition, shooting fundamentals, range rules, shooting from the bench rest, prone, sitting, standing and kneeling positions, cleaning, and continued opportunities for skill development. Are you already an experienced shooter looking for your next challenge? NRA Outdoors’ Long Range Schools teach proven techniques in long-range marksmanship, staffed by the world’s best and most experienced competition and military veteran shooters.